Find duplicate references by DOI, PMID, exact and near-identical titles.
How to use Reference Duplicate Finder
Paste references one per line, separated by blank lines, or as an RIS export.
Set the title similarity threshold for near-duplicates.
Review the duplicate groups and copy the deduplicated list.
Worked example
The same PRISMA paper in Vancouver and APA format is matched by its DOI, and two versions of a title differing only in punctuation are matched by title.
How are near-duplicates found?
Titles are normalized (case, accents and punctuation removed) and compared by overlapping words and word pairs.
Which copy is kept?
The first one in your list. Check each group before deleting records, especially conference abstracts and full papers.