Reference Duplicate Finder
Find duplicate references by DOI, PMID, exact and near-identical titles.
Matches are made on DOI, PubMed ID, identical title, and then title similarity (word overlap), so reformatted copies of the same paper are caught.
Deduplicated list (first copy of each kept)
Continue your work
- PRISMA Flow Diagram Generator — Report the duplicates removed in your PRISMA diagram.
- DOI Extractor — List the DOIs of the unique references.
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Clear instructions
Find steps, examples and limitations below.
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How to use the Reference Duplicate Finder
Find duplicate references by DOI, PMID, exact and near-identical titles.
- 1 Paste references one per line, separated by blank lines, or as an RIS export.
- 2 Set the title similarity threshold for near-duplicates.
- 3 Review the duplicate groups and copy the deduplicated list.
Example and practical tips
The same PRISMA paper in Vancouver and APA format is matched by its DOI, and two versions of a title differing only in punctuation are matched by title.
Frequently asked questions
How are near-duplicates found?
Titles are normalized (case, accents and punctuation removed) and compared by overlapping words and word pairs.
Which copy is kept?
The first one in your list. Check each group before deleting records, especially conference abstracts and full papers.
Report an issue
Something broken or not quite right? Tell us and we will look into it.